Study on material base of corydalis rhizoma / 中国中药杂志

Corydalis Rhizoma, the dried tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo (Papaveraceae) distributed traditionally mainly in south-eastern and now cultivated in northwestern and other district in China, is one of the commonly used and well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It has been widely used to treat spastic pain, abdominal pain, pain due to injury, and promote blood circulation. Its main chemical constituents were alkaloids, which were divided into the two types of protoberberines and aporphines. Among them, some alkaloids were found to elicit profound effects on the dopaminergic system in the central nervous system, which plays an important role in regulating nociception. In this article, the chemical composition and structure-types, new methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis as well as characteristics of biotransformation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, pharmacokinetic, and drug-drug interaction for the alkaloids were revealed. These results would greatly contribute to the establishment of bioactive material base of Corydalis Rhizoma.

Biotransformation by human intestinal flora and absorption-transportation characteristic in a model of Caco-2 cell monolayer of d-corydaline and tetrahydropalmatine / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the biotransformation by human intestinal flora, and the absorption and transportation characteristic in a model of human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (Caco-2 cell) monolayer of d-corydaline (CDL) and tetrahydropalmatine (THP).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>CDL or THP was incubated with crude enzymes of human intestinal flora under the anaerobic environment and 37 degrees C conditions to transform CDL or THP. Caco-2 cell monolayer was used as an intestinal epithelial cell model for determination of the permeability of CDL or THP from apical side (AP side) to basolateral side (BL side) or from BL side to AP side. Transportation parameters and permeability coefficients (P(app)) were then calculated, and P(app) values were compared with the reported values for model compounds, propranolol as a well absorbed drug and atenolol as a poor absorbed drug. The concentration of CDL or THP was measured by HPLC coupled with photodiode array detector.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>CDL or THP in the human intestinal flora incubation system did not happen biotransformation. In the Caco-2 cell monolayer model, the P(app) magnitudes of both CDL and THP were 1 x 10(-5) cm x s(-1) in the bi-directional transport, which were identical with propranolol. And their transports were concentration dependent between 0-180 min.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both CDL and THP may be stable in the human intestinal flora incubation system, and their absorption and transportation in the human Caco-2 cell monolayer model are mainly via passive diffusion mechanism.</p>

Study on chemical constituents from Corydalis Rhizoma in Pan'an / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Corydalis Rhizoma in Pan'an county as characteristically regional traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Methods: The constituents were separated and purified by chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns, as well as the chemical structures of alkaloids were determined by physicochemical properties and spectral data analyses. Results: Twenty alkaloids were obtained and identified as tetrahydrocoptisine (1), tetrahydrocolumbamine (2), tetrahydropalmatine (3), corybulbine (4), isocorybulbine (5), 8-trichloromethyl-7, 8-dihydrocoptisine (6), corydaline (7), 8-oxocoptisine (8), (-)-corypalmine (9), dehydrocorydaline (10), 13-methylpalmatrubine (11), oxoglaucine (12), protopine (13), noroxyhydrastinine (14), tetrahydroberberine (15), didehydroglaucine (16), pontevedrine (17), coptisine (18), palmatine (19), and berberine (20). Conclusion: Compounds 6, 9, and 16 are isolated from Corydalis Rhizoma for the first time. All 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR data of compounds 6 and 16 are assigned for the first time using 2D NMR.

Chemical constituents from roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng cultivated in Jilin province / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents of the roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng were systematically investigated by various column chromatographic methods including Amberlite XAD-4 macroporous adsorptive resins and silica gel as well as high-performance liquid chromatography, and their chemical structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses. Twenty-eight compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic-aqueous extract and identified as koryoginsenoside R1 (1), ginsenoside Rg1 (2), ginsenoside Rf (3), notoginsenoside R2 (4), ginsenoside Rg2 (5), notoginsenoside Fe (6), ginsenjilinol (7), ginsenoside Re5 (8), noto-ginsenoside N (9), notoginsenoside R1 (10), ginsenoside Re2 (11), ginsenoside Re1 (12), ginsenoside Re (13), ginsenoside Rs2 (14), ginsenoside Ro methyl ester (15), ginsenoside Rd (16), ginsenoside Re3 (17), ginsenoside Re4 (18), 20-gluco-ginsenoside Rf (19), ginsenoside Ro (20), ginsenoside Rc (21), quinquenoside-R1 (22), ginsenoside Ra2 (23), ginsenoside Rb1 (24), ginsenoside Ra1 (25), ginsenoside Ra3 (26), ginsenoside Rb2 (27), and notoginsenoside R4 (28). All isolated compounds are 20 (S) -protopanaxadiol or protopanaxatriol type triterpenoid saponins. Compound 1 was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of P. ginseng cultivated in Jilin province for the first time and compound 6 was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of P. ginseng for the first time. The 1H-NMR data of compounds 6, 14 and 19 were assigned for the first time.

Flavonoid glycosides from dried and nearly ripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of Evodia (Euodia) rutaecarpa.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were separated and purified by solvent and chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic techniques.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fifteen compounds were separated from the normal butanol extracts of the 70% aqueous ethanol extract of the dried and nearly ripe fruits of E. rutaecarpa. Among of them, four compounds were reported in the essay and identified as diosmetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), diosmin (3) and chrysoeriol-7-O-rutinoside (4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 3 and 4 were separated from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of E. rutaecarpa for the first time.</p>